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Osteoporosis nursing homework help
Nursing Homework tutors are now the leaders, competent enough to provide nursing students with grade-one osteoporosis nursing homework help. Osteoporosis, popularly known as the silent disease, results in the weakening of the bones, hence making them easily fracture. That means that a person with osteoporosis cannot effectively go about the normal duties due to the high risk of fracturing. If a person experiences a decrease in bone mass or a decline in the mineral density of the bones, they get a high risk of developing osteoporosis. The most affected bones are the wrist, vertebrae, and hip bones. The silent nature of the disease, in terms of the inability to show symptoms, makes a person realize the development of the disease, especially after encountering bone fractures. Strong bones are very important in supporting the body, ensuring good and stable mobility, and also improving the protection of body organs. As the disease advances, the bones weaken further unless one seeks treatment and embraces lifestyle changes.
Risk factors for osteoporosis
Knowledge of the factors that predispose an individual to osteoporosis helps the healthy population take the required measures to keep the risk of the disease.
Now, let us see some of the risk factors for the disease;
Family history
If osteoporosis is present in your family, you are likely to have an increased chance of suffering from it. At times, the genes associated with the disease can be passed down through generations. Hence, a person can experience a decline in bone mass, making them vulnerable to fractures.
Age
Even when there is no family history of osteoporosis, the disease can develop with age. As one age, the process of bone formation slows down, and the bones start degenerating. A decline in bone mass or density may result in osteoporosis.
Gender
Between males and females, females are more predisposed to the risk of osteoporosis than their male counterparts. Menopause results in various hormonal changes, which accelerate the degeneration of bone tissue.
Gender is also associated with hormonal changes, which affect both males and females. For instance, a decline in the production of testosterone hormones can trigger osteoporosis. In women, lower levels of estrogen hormones trigger the health condition. That is why osteoporosis is prevalent among older men and women during menopause.
Race
People across diverse ethnic backgrounds are at risk of osteoporosis. However, the most affected ethnic communities are Asian women and non-Hispanic white women. Non-Hispanic white men are also at high risk of the disease.
Osteoporosis cases are lower among African Americans and Mexican Americans.
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Medications
While suffering from other health conditions, medications may support recovery from the underlying health problem. However, some of the medicines may have varied side effects on a person’s well-being.
An example is the side effect of cancer medications based on how they increase one’s risk of developing weak bones, resulting in osteoporosis.
Besides, medications for HIV/AIDS, gastrointestinal diseases, anorexia nervosa, and rheumatoid arthritis also increase one’s risk of osteoporosis.
How can you tell a person has osteoporosis?
Falls and fractures are common among children and also older people but are not a confirmation of osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis has various signs and symptoms that are associated with bone health and a person’s ability to perform different activities effectively.
The main symptoms to look for in a person alleged to have osteoporosis include spine malformation, which can cause kyphosis. Kyphosis is when a person presents a hunched or stooped posture. Another symptom is loss of height and severe back pain, especially when one experiences a fracture in the spinal cord.
Lifestyle
Lifestyle plays a critical role in a person’s well-being, including supporting bone health and strength. The main lifestyles in this case are reduced physical activity levels, extreme alcohol consumption, and smoking. For instance, reduced physical activity levels contribute to a higher rate of bone loss, making a person vulnerable to falls and bone breakage.
Stages of osteoporosis
| Stages | Characteristics |
| Stage I | Bone loss and bone formation at the same rate.
No symptoms |
| Stage II | Use of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool score for diagnosing the patient
Reduced bone density or bone mass
|
| Stage III | Symptoms may be present or absent
The rate of bone loss is higher than bone formation Increased risk of bone fracture |
| Stage IV | The most advanced stage of osteoporosis
High risk of osteoporosis Symptoms may occur Significant loss of bone density resulting in stooped posture and loss of height. |
Types of osteoporosis
There are two main types of osteoporosis: primary and secondary osteoporosis.
What is the difference between the two?
Let’s start with primary osteoporosis.
First, primary osteoporosis exists in two main types: type I and type II. Regardless of the kind, primary osteoporosis develops as a result of aging. The main hormones that support bone formation and degeneration are progesterone and estrogen.
Type I osteoporosis happens in women after menopause because of the significant decline in estrogen levels. It happens mostly to women between the ages of 50 and 70. Deficiency or low levels of testosterone and estrogen in men and women, respectively, cause loss of bone mass or density.
Individuals suffering from type I osteoporosis mostly experience fractures of the wrist and the spine.
Type II osteoporosis is also more prevalent among women than their male counterparts, resulting from calcium deficiency for a long. However, the risk factors of the disease type include age advancement and intake of food low in vitamin D and calcium.
Secondary osteoporosis
The main cause of secondary osteoporosis is medications that affect bone regeneration or bone reformation. As a result, an individual lacks a balance between bone loss and new bone formation, causing a decline in bone turnover rate.
Besides, hormonal imbalance can also result in secondary osteoporosis.
The disease can also result from certain medical conditions such as acromegaly, Marfan’s syndrome, liver disease, leukemia, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, and intestinal malabsorption.
By taking certain medications such as Lasix, anticonvulsants, methotrexate, heparin, and steroids, one can also develop osteoporosis.
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Diagnosis of osteoporosis
The main diagnosis or tests for osteoporosis are ultrasound, CT scan and bone density test.
The bone density test measures the fragility of the bones, especially those located in the forearm, hip, and spine, using X-rays. The X-rays can also determine the calcium levels in the bones.
Bone density tests support the diagnosis of the disease and also for monitoring the treatment of the disease. It also helps in assessing the risk level of a person to fractures. A health practitioner can recommend the test, especially when they notice a decline in the reproductive hormone levels of a person, experience a fractured bone, or even lose weight.
Computed tomography or CT scan also helps in diagnosing osteoporosis by measuring an individual’s bone density.
Alternatively, a health expert can use ultrasound, which uses sound waves with a high frequency to create a detailed image of the human bone. Though the technique cannot measure bone strength, it can show the state of the bones by considering the available bone mass.
How to treat osteoporosis
Among the medications proven effective for treating osteoporosis include bisphosphonates such as Ibandronate and Alendronate. After use, the medication may result in side effects such as heartburn, abdominal pain, and nausea.
If declines in reproductive hormones contribute to disease development, hormonal therapy is important for maintaining bone density. An example is the use of raloxifene among women prone to losing bone density in the post-menopause years.
Alternatively, an individual can also use bodybuilding medications. The commonly used medicines are romosozumab and teriparatide, which trigger the growth of new bones and, hence, counter the risk of osteoporosis.
Lifestyle changes remain important while receiving the medications for improved recovery.
Assume a patient is a smoker or a severe alcohol consumption behavior; quitting the practice increases the efficiency of the medications.
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How can I prevent osteoporosis?
The answers to the question are based on knowledge of the risk factors and causes of osteoporosis.
Physical exercise and good nutrition play critical roles in ensuring strong or good bone health. As part of good nutrition, one should increase the intake of calcium based on how it helps in bone formation and strength. In this case, an individual can rely on various sources of calcium, such as soy products, dark green leafy vegetables, low-fat dairy products, and cereals fortified with calcium.
Exposure to sunlight and eating foods enriched with vitamin D, such as salmon, trout, and cod liver oil, help lower the risk of osteoporosis.
Exercising, such as strength training, can help strengthen bones and hinder potential bone loss associated with physical inactivity.
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